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  “In vitro” studies.  
 
 
The outstanding properties of this new surface has been thoroughly demonstrated on:
 In vitro human osteoblast cell culture tests
 In vitro human osteoblast proliferation tests.
Osteoblast morphology analysis.
Apoptosis signal evaluation.
Alkaline Phosphatase activity.

In the figure it can be observed the morphology of an attached osteoblast showing different levels of polarization and reaction of the surface due to the treatment. The distribution of charges produces more spread and much more flattened star shaped cells.

Osteoblast on a
treated surface.

Osteoblast on an
untreated surface
     
Bone cell adhesion on ion implanted titanium alloys
I.Braceras, J.I.Oñate, L.Goikoetxea, J.L.Viviente, J.I.Álava and M.A.Maeztu
Surface and coatings technology 196 (2005) 321-326

Effects of ion implantation on Ti-6Al-4V on bone cell adhesion
12th Annual Scientific Congress of the EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR OSSEOINTEGRACION, 2003, Vienna.

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